Eddielogic

– Thoughts on Strategy and Management

February 24, 2008
by Oliver
2 Comments

Innovation’s impact on corporate success

OliverA couple of weeks ago I posted “How innovative is your organization” in order to discuss some fundamental aspects of innovation. In this post we will look at the impact of innovation. My personal observation is that most organizations see innovation as a very positive measure. Of course, being innovative sounds fine and offers a lot of benefits, e.g. to protect competitive advantages. But to tell the truth, this statement is a little bit too general. Hence let us look at some research results: There is no simple and direct interrelation between innovation and corporate success like “the higher the rate of innovation the more successful the company”. Indeed, 70 % of above average successful companies use a growth and innovation approach in their strategy. Hence it could be argued that innovation would be a generally appropriate instrument to increase corporate value. But results from two different research projects indicate that factors like market size and complexity can also have an impact on the success of an innovation.

Outcome of the PIMS-Research. In the early 60’s the PIMS-research project (Profit Impact of Market Strategy) was started by Fred Borch (GE). The project was managed by Sidney Schoeffler (Harvard Business School). Objective of the PIMS-project is to identify the “laws of the market place” by collecting and analyzing data from various industries. The next stage in analyzing data is to derivate those factors, which are essential for the corporate success. The result of this research project was the identification of 8 major success factors. Using these 8 factors it is possible to explain 70 – 80 % of the variation in success of a business unit. To measure success the ratios ROI (return on investment) and ROS (return on sales = net profit before tax and interest related to sales) will be calculated. The factors are: Investment intensity, productivity, and market share, degree of market growth, quality, degree of innovation; vertical integration, and customer profile.

The degree of innovation represents the percentage of sales of those products, which are not older than three years. But in terms of innovation impact it is essential to consider another factor, too. To gain a positive impact from an innovation on corporate results it is required to own a certain market share. If this is not achieved, costs of innovation are higher than the value added from innovation.

In summary it can be argued that – due to its costs – an innovation has a positive effect on the results in the case that the company has a sufficiently high market share. In the case of small market shares innovations can have a negative effect on corporate success.

Continue Reading →

February 16, 2008
by Oliver
Comments Off on Your customer

Your customer

One of the basics to be successful in competition is to give the customer what he or she wants. Since this aspect is a basic it is very likely that your competitor will do the same. So what’s next? The answer is a little bit more complex and needs to stress factors like learning, training and leading the “right” people.

Giving your customers the things they want…But who is actually your customer? And who is or will be your potential customer? In most cases the first question organizations tend to start data base analysis and to respond: NN years old, average income of MMMM Euro per Year, has a family and so on and so forth. Well, that is the right answer, but only one point of view. More interesting and for more important are customer’s needs and wants which motivated him to buy your product and service. There are different approaches to identify and to organize those needs and wants. Each approach should consider the typical features of your industry. To highlight this aspect I will put an emphasis on the retail banking industry. Here most banks did set up a phase of life approach to organize product offers and to support sales staff. For example: In the case that the customer has ended his first professional training and starts his professional life (and has a regular income) it is very likely that a personal loan might be an appropriate offer to buy certain goods to start a family.

Continue Reading →

February 9, 2008
by Oliver
Comments Off on Confusing customers

Confusing customers

IstanbulI am back from my recent business trip to Istanbul. There is a saying in German which translated has the meaning of traveling would be equal to education. In this particular case I had to learn that companies still have a confusing understanding how to manage their customers. We have to keep in mind that there is large number of articles and books available how to manage a stable company – customer relationship and to tackle customers.

When going to the Airport there was interesting news on the radio concerning “Deutsche Telekom”. This is THE largest German telecommunication provider in Germany. This company, which is one of the successors of “Deutsche Bundespost”, faces a strong decline in customers. The reason is that competitors were able to gain its customers by lower prices or even a higher service level at the same price. A major focus of critique has always been the level of customer service, e.g. the time to respond on customer enquiries or customer complaints. I am a customer of this company too; hence I know that it is sometimes very difficult to find out which department really responsible is. So what was the radio message? Due to a lack of staff within the customer care center line managers did order not to respond to a large number of e-mails. I have to be more specific: not to respond on 10.000 of e-mails. I think that is an excellent approach to lose more customers. I am not sure which aspect is more confusing (a) a large organization that is not able to manage human resources appropriate enough or (b) line managers that see customer enquires as less important than setting an organization under pressure in order to shift staff to their departments. I will stress the crucial issue: A large telco company is not able to respond to e-mails in the 21st century. If a large company that sells Broad band internet access is not able to do so, how about the small ones? How does your organization manage a situation where a lack of human capital meets a large number of customer enquiries?

Continue Reading →

February 3, 2008
by Oliver
3 Comments

First steps of strategic analysis

In this post I will describe the first steps and approaches of (small to medium size) German retail banks when organizing their strategic planning process. Some of these aspects are valid for all types of small to medium size companies; at least they offer the option to compare your strategic planning process with the banks’ processes. In general retail banks undertake two different steps in order to analyse the external environment and to assess organisational capabilities.

  • Regular benchmarking activities during the business year. In case of major performance dropping the management will start certain measures (e.g. a new planning process) in order to improve the organisational situation.
  • Annual strategy conference. Due to the organisational restrictions (e.g. in terms of human capital; SME do not run a separate department for business development or strategic planning) the management has to pool strategic planning capacities on an annual strategy conference.

Benchmarking also serves as a strategy assessment tool for small retail banks. Hence it will be discussed in the near future in another post. (Hence I would recommend to visit Eddielogic again in the next couple of weeks.)

Most banks focus their analysis activities on the preparation and execution of the annual strategy conference. This conference is THE strategic planning summit.

Continue Reading →

January 30, 2008
by Oliver
Comments Off on Take your last day in the office with a pinch of salt

Take your last day in the office with a pinch of salt

Well, there are number of personal attributes I really appreciate. Precision, focus, commitment and self-motivation are some of them. But there is another one, no matter for what type of business you are working for: A good sense of humor.

The next video features a very important person who had an impact on all our IT-life and the direction of IT development of two decades. It is Bill Gates; the video shows his last day in the office “very seriously”. (The video was presented at the CES, Las Vegas).

What is my personal opinion about Bill Gates and his company? The PC on my desk runs Windows Vista and Office 2007; my back up-system (for accounting) runs Windows 2000 SP4 and Office 2003. I think that the high standardization level in terms of software was one major driver to push PCs into the mass market and to transfer a commercial good into a consumer product. I am not writing about the aspect that OS like Linux or Mac OS X offer better security or better handling. I am talking about the benefits of the mass market. All my colleagues use Excel and when we talk about a specific problem and how to calculate it we use the same tool. It is not a religion, but it is a huge advantage when everyone uses the same tool. Our first regular PC was a Pentium 90 MHz, 750 MB hard drive and 32 MB Ram. It was 1995 and we had to pay a fortune. Its OS was IBM OS 2 Warp something. Do you remember? It was a quite good OS, but IBM did not manage to convince enough software suppliers to develop software for it. Our office application was Lotus Suite for OS2 and it was full of bugs. 6 months later we shifted to Windows 95….And today: My new PC (2007) is a Pentium Quad, 2 GB RAM, 250 GB hard drive and and and….Its price was one third of the 1995 PC!

I would like to end this post with a quote from “slimshady7150” on the video website: “The world wouldn’t be what it is today without Gates….” You hit the mark.

Enjoy the video!

Continue Reading →

January 30, 2008
by Dagmar
1 Comment

Do you blame structured products?

So far I have resisted the wish to comment about the ongoing sub-prime and financial crisis on this blog. I surely have an opinion about all this. However, so much has been written in this matter – analyses, comments, reports, more analyses, readers comment etc. I agree with many of them and disagree with others. Hence, I didn’t want to add to the large body of rephrased repetitions. Instead, I closely follow the coverage of this topic in the press and on the web.

After some months of reading, something starts to irritate me: Comments and analyses are full of the conclusion that something called ‘structured products’ is a major part of the problem – banks have created structured products which they hardly understood themselves. Similarly investors, rating agencies and regulators were not able to understand them. At least one reader who commented in yesterdays FT had a wider view of the picture. He states that not the structured products are to blame, but the unskilled use of them. That is a good thought, although it has the small flaw that I now wonder whether this unskilled use is due to a lack of skill or to obscurity of the products that nobody understands.

Continue Reading →

January 28, 2008
by Oliver
1 Comment

Understanding stakeholders

ToasterThis is a toaster with a design made by Porsche. It’s sort of weird, but this device was object of a question during the Porsche’s Annual General Meeting, the world famous German sports car maker. A couple of days ago the Annual General Meeting of Porsche took place. It was a good example that understanding your stakeholders (in this case represented by shareholders) can be tricky. When discussing product development and environmental issues Mr. Wiedeking (CEO of Porsche) argued that the company would not employ ideology as an approach when developing cars; instead it would focus on the market.

However, some shareholders expressed their expectations concerning climate protection. In terms of cars they still saw options for further undertakings. But the most unexpected questions would have been this. A shareholder complained that his toaster (design by Porsche; you have to have in mind that there is a number of consumer products with a design made by Porsche in the market) only offers a stand by function (instead of a total turning off function). Hence the device would spend electricity all the time.

The CFO Mr. Härter was smart enough not to discuss this remark in terms of its relevance for an Annual General Meeting or its contribution to protect the climate. I guess he had in mind that climate protection and carbon dioxide related topics have gained a high relevance in discussion; maybe he thought also that “every little helps”. He answered that the firm does not have a direct impact on the functions of those design products. However, the board of directors would consider this topic in one of its next meetings.

Good job!

January 22, 2008
by Dagmar
1 Comment

Financial Job Losses

There are bad news from the financial sector wherever you look these days. Here are just two headlines from the last couple of days:

  • Worldwide financial job losses triple in 2007 – Almost 200,000 staff are laid off (FT, 18 January 2008)
  • Crisis talks for West LB – about one third of the current staff (of 5,900 in total) to be laid off (FAZ, 21 January 2008)

Well, there we have another fine example of the so called pig cycle: In times of high demand and high profitability, players in an industry tend to extrapolate this trend into the future and thus to extend their production accordingly. In the original example, pig production is finally extended to a point where there is a significant over-supply. Hence, prices are going to fall and profitability is declining too. Again, producers expect this trend to continue on and thus reduce their production. This will finally lead to a supply that does not meet the existing demand. Prices and profitability will rise again, motivating producers to increase their production …
You can easily replace the over-supply with some external event that suddenly reduces demand. The effect will be the same.

In general, there is nothing wrong with a cycle like this. For me this is an excellent proof for one of the basic laws of economics: The levels of supply and demand determine the price and vice versa. In the real world, prices will hardly find their equilibrium and stay there. Rather, supply, demand and prices will fluctuate more or less around this equilibrium. The problem is not this fluctuation, but the exaggeration which leads to unnecessarily extreme peaks. In their excitement over the amazing earning potentials, every farmer extends his pig production to a maximum. All together they reach a level of supply that is far beyond any demand.

It is no rocket science to transfer the pig cycle to what we see in financial services these days. Continue Reading →

January 20, 2008
by Oliver
Comments Off on How innovative is your organization?

How innovative is your organization?

In this post I would like to discuss some aspects of innovation. In doing so I will start with a definition; after this I will present some aspects that organizations should consider when focus on innovation.

Term. The term innovation puts an emphasis on the first time business application of discoveries (business application here means invention, development and introduction) to increase competitiveness, economic power and efficiency. James F. Moore described the impact of innovation this way: “Success in today’s business world is based on innovation. All organizations have the potential to gain large profits if they are able to develop processes, products and services more efficiently than their competitors.” in his book “The death of Competition” (1996).

Essence. Taking into account the scope of innovation, fundamental or radical innovations (fully new improvements) and improving innovations (systematic improvement of existing processes and products) can be distinguished. Innovations can have different objects. It is possible to innovate products (product innovation) as well as services, processes (process innovation, e.g. of production processes), organizational (structure innovation) and HR matters (social innovations, e.g. management instruments). In most cases products and processes are objects of innovation. Product innovations have the objective, to better fulfill customer needs or to enable their fulfillment at all. Opposite to this process innovations put an emphasis on increasing efficiency.

What can you do to support an innovative approach within your organization?

Innovations have a link to creativity, to synthesis of existing ideas and knowledge, and to the development of new ideas. To achieve a true innovation status it is also essential to achieve readiness for marketing using ingenuity and R & D. Hence flexibility and risk taking are further essentials to achieve readiness for marketing. Continue Reading →

January 16, 2008
by Oliver
2 Comments

Banks fall into loss on writedowns

A couple of days ago (see this post) I had assumed that the financial reports of the fourth quarter would present new cumulative value adjustments. Yesterday Citigroup announced its financial results. Due to writedowns of $ 18.1 billion in the business segments subprime mortgage and increased losses in the segment consumer loans the loss is $ 9.3 billion.

To stabilize the capital fundament Citigroup will raise $ 12.5 billion in new capital through the sale of convertible preferred securities. Where the capital will come from? In the case that you are new reader to this blog, see this old post and you can guess the answer. Yes, the new very good friends of large international players will make Citigroup’s day – the sovereign wealth funds.

  • Fund 1: Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC) invests $ 6.88 billion. GIC had made yet major investments in Swiss UBS last year.
  • Fund 2: Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA)
  • Prince Alwaleed bin Talal
  • Sandy Weill (the former CEO)
  • Public investors ($ 2 billion)

In the next couple of days it will be essential to update this overview.